1 Fiat on-ramp & source capture
Funding sources
Bank account (ACH)
Debit card (Visa/MC)
Wire transfer
Kredete wallet balance
Corporate treasury
Source currencies
USD (primary)
EUR
GBP
CAD
NGN (Naira)
KYC & limits
Tier 1: $500/day
Tier 2: $5,000/day
Tier 3: $50,000/day
Corporate: $500K/day
Enhanced DD: unlimited
On-ramp partners
Circle (direct mint)
Zero Hash
Fireblocks (custody)
Banking partners (FBO)
2 Rate aggregation & pricing engine
Rate sources
Reuters mid-market
Bloomberg (backup)
ECB reference rates
CBN (Nigeria)
Crypto DEX rates
Liquidity providers
Provider A (Tier 1 bank)
Provider B (NBFI)
Provider C (crypto LP)
Uniswap / Curve pools
OTC desk (> $100K)
Pricing logic
Best execution (SEC rule)
Spread: 0.2% - 1.5%
Volume tier discount
Corridor-specific margin
Promotional override
Avg spread: 0.45%
Rate lock
Lock window: 60 seconds
Guaranteed rate (locked)
Indicative (unlocked)
Slippage protection: 0.5%
Auto-requote on expiry
Path optimization
Direct: USD → NGN
Bridge: USD → USDC → NGN
Multi-hop: GBP → USD → USDC → KES
Cost comparison (auto)
Speed comparison (auto)
3 USDC mint / transfer / settlement
Mint process
Fiat received confirmation
Circle mint API call
USDC credited to vault
Blockchain confirmation
Internal ledger update
Mint time: 3-15 min
Transfer execution
L2 transfer (Base/Arb)
Internal ledger (off-chain)
CCTP cross-chain
Multi-sig approval (> $50K)
Gas optimization
Custody & wallets
Fireblocks MPC vault
Hot wallet (< $1M)
Warm wallet ($1-10M)
Cold wallet (> $10M)
Policy engine (whitelist)
Treasury management
Pre-funded pools (by corridor)
Auto-rebalance triggers
Minimum reserve: 20%
Yield on idle (T-bills)
Daily reconciliation
Risk controls
Depeg monitor (< $0.995)
Concentration limit
Counterparty exposure
Bridge risk assessment
Insurance coverage
4 Fiat off-ramp & destination payout
Destination currencies
NGN (Nigeria)
KES (Kenya)
GHS (Ghana)
EUR / GBP
UGX, TZS, ZAR, XOF
Off-ramp partners
Yellow Card (Africa)
Kotani Pay (Kenya)
Bitnob (Nigeria)
Circle (direct redeem)
Local bank partners
Payout methods
Mobile money (M-Pesa)
Bank deposit
Cash pickup agent
Wallet credit
Corporate account
Confirmation
Recipient notified (SMS)
Sender confirmation
Transaction receipt
Ledger finalized
Compliance record
5 Compliance, monitoring & reporting
Regulatory framework
US: FinCEN MSB
EU: MiCA compliance
UK: FCA registration
Nigeria: CBN guidelines
State-by-state (US)
Transaction monitoring
Real-time screening
Travel rule (FATF)
Chain analysis (Chainalysis)
Wallet risk scoring
Suspicious activity flags
Reserve management
1:1 backing verification
Monthly attestation
Reserve composition
Proof of reserves (on-chain)
Auditor access (Grant Thornton)
Incident response
Depeg protocol
Liquidity crisis plan
Partner downtime
Chain congestion fallback
Manual override capability